Inhibitory effects of flavonoid glycosides isolated from the peel of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Fuyu) on antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells

We found that two distinct flavonoid glycosides isolated from the peel of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Fuyu), isoquercitrin (Isq) and hyperin (Hyp), are capable of inhibiting antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we examined effects of Isq and Hyp on cellular responses induced by antigen stimulation. Treatment with both Isq and Hyp markedly inhibited antigen-stimulated elevation of intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Isq and Hyp did not affect NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, but they possessed DPPH radical-scavenging activity similar to that of epigallocatechin gallate, a potent anti-oxidant, Finally, Isq and Hyp showed little or no effects on Ag-stimulated Syk activation or phosphorylation of signalling molecules. These results indicate that inhibition of antigen-stimulated degranulation by Isq and Hyp is mainly due to suppression of intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation, which is caused by direct scavenging of ROS that are generated by NOX. Our findings suggest that Isq and Hyp, isolated from the peel of persimmon, would be beneficial for alleviating symptoms of type I allergy.     

无机阻燃剂高聚合度聚磷酸铵的研制

以五氧化二磷、磷酸铵盐、尿素为原料、氨气为保护气,制备了高聚合度聚磷酸铵无机阻燃剂。考察了五氧化二磷、磷酸铵盐、尿素的用量和反应温度对聚磷酸铵平均聚合度的影响。采用端基滴定法测定了聚磷酸铵的聚合度,并用X射线衍射(XRD)法表征了聚磷酸铵的晶体结构,同时测定了聚磷酸铵的粒度和溶解度。实验结果表明,制备聚磷酸铵的最佳反应条件为:n(磷酸氢二铵)∶n(五氧化二磷)∶n(尿素)=1∶1∶0.3,反应温度280~300℃,反应时间40m in,热处理温度250~280℃,热处理时间110m in。在此条件下制备的聚磷酸铵的平均聚合度大于600,平均粒径直径小于50μm,在水中的溶解度小于0.4g;XRD表征结果表明,所合成的物质为Ⅱ型聚磷酸铵。     

APP对PE基木塑复合材料力学性能的影响

以聚磷酸铵(APP)作为阻燃剂,用挤出成型法制备具有阻燃性的PE基木塑复合材料.研究APP含量对木塑复合材料的静态力学性能以及动态力学性能的影响.静态力学研究结果表明:加入APP的木塑复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度均比未加入APP的木塑复合材料有所增加,当APP质量含量为16%时,弯曲强度和冲击强度均达到最大值,分别为66.94 MPa和13.38 kJ/m2;动态力学研究结果表明:不同APP含量的木塑复合材料在60.2～70.4℃之间均存在明显的松弛,当温度低于松弛温度时,木塑复合材料的存储模量(E')较大,而温度高于松弛温度时,木塑复合材料的存储模量明显减小;随着APP含量增加,木塑复合材料的损耗模量(E〃)和损耗因子(tanδ)均先降低然后升高.     

膨胀型阻燃剂阻燃环氧树脂的阻燃性能及影响因素

研究了季戊四醇磷酸酯三聚氰胺盐微胶囊化的多聚磷酸铵（KDIFR）、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂微胶囊化的多聚磷酸铵（MAPP）和多聚磷酸铵（APP） 3种膨胀型阻燃剂,及引入硼、铝元素对膨胀型阻燃环氧树脂(EP)阻燃性能的影响,采用极限氧指数法和水平燃烧法测试材料的燃烧性能。结果表明,3种阻燃剂中APP的阻燃效果最好,当APP/EP为0.3（质量比,下同）时,其极限氧指数为32.2 %,达到难燃级水平;在EP/APP中引入铝元素或硼元素可使阻燃效果提高,硼、铝共存时阻燃效果更加突出,加入APP总量0.8 %的硼酸铝可使EP/APP的自熄时间由48 s降为24 s;热分析结果表明,APP热分解吸热恰与EP的热降解产物燃烧放热相匹配,这是使EP/APP的阻燃性能提高的主要原因;在EP/APP中引入硼和铝元素可明显促进EP/APP成炭,起到协同阻燃作用。     

单宁酸通过抑制TRAF6向细胞质膜的招募抑制Akt信号通路

目的：表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B, PKB,也称Akt）信号通路在大多数人类实体肿瘤中过度激活、表达失调,促进肿瘤细胞增殖。植物单宁属于植物 多酚类物质,能够抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。然而,单宁酸通过何种机制调控肿瘤细胞中过度激活的Akt信号通路仍不 清楚。方法：本实验选用人胶质瘤U87细胞作为模型,研究单宁酸抑制人胶质瘤U87细胞EGFR/Akt信号通路的分子 机制。结果：单宁酸抑制人胶质瘤U87细胞Akt的磷酸化以及受Akt信号通路调控的相关蛋白4EBP-1和核糖体S6蛋 白的磷酸化。进一步研究发现,单宁酸抑制肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6（tumor necrosis receptor-associated factor 6,TRAF6）向细胞质膜的招募,导致与TRAF6相互作用的Akt蛋白减少,进而抑制人胶质瘤细胞中Akt的磷酸化 激活。利用EGFR组成型激活突变体EGFR vIII研究单宁酸对TRAF6向细胞质膜招募的影响发现：一方面单宁酸对 EGFR的抑制作用需要EGFR胞外区第2～7外显子区域的存在;另一方面单宁酸对EGFR磷酸化的抑制是导致TRAF6 向细胞质膜招募减少的原因。结论：EGFR是单宁酸发挥其抗肿瘤作用的受体蛋白,单宁酸通过抑制EGFR的磷酸 化改变TRAF6向细胞质膜的招募进而介导了单宁酸对肿瘤细胞中Akt磷酸化的抑制,从而控制蛋白质的翻译,为食 品来源单宁酸的抗肿瘤研究提供理论依据。     

臭氧对钼酸盐和聚磷酸盐阻垢效果的影响研究

结垢是工业循环冷却水运行中最常出现的问题,对正常的工业生产会造成一定的危害。本试验采用水处理剂阻垢性能的测定———CaCO3沉积法对Na2MoO4.2H2O、聚磷酸钠的阻垢效果进行试验研究。采用Na2MoO4.2H2O和聚磷酸钠作为单一的水处理阻垢药剂时,若要达到85%的阻垢效果,两种药剂的投加量分别至少要400mg.L-1和40mg.L-1,在使用两种药剂的同时通入O3,则Na2MoO4.2H2O和聚磷酸钠的药量分别在20mg.L-1和30mg.L-1左右即可达到国家标准。结果显示,在O3的协同作用下,减少了药剂的使用量,提高了阻垢效果。     

Effect of expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal degradation and weathering of intumescent fire-retardant coating

This research aims to study the effect of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on the intumescent coating formulations (ICF). The coating presented in this research article is based on carbon source expandable graphite (EG), blowing agent melamine, acid source ammonium polyphosphate (APP), epoxy resin as a binder with polyamide amine. The stability of the developed coating was verified at 950°C for 1-hour fire test. The results showed that the coating is stable and well bond with the steel substrate. The char was characterized by using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA, XPS, Py-GCMS and Weathering Test. The morphology of the char was studied by SEM of the coating after furnace fire test. XRD and FTIR show the presence of graphite, borophosphate; boron oxide and sassolite in the residual char. TGA and DTG disclosed that EG improved the residual mass of coating. XPS analysis showed the char residue of IF5-APP-EG contains carbon and oxygen contents 47.50 and 40.70, respectively. Py-GCMS analysis described that the IF5-APP-EG released less gaseous compounds. The weathering test illustrated that's the char expansion of coatings samples was decreased due to the presence of a humid environment and UV light. The IF5-APP-EG showed the maximum char expansion, lower substrate temperature and high residual weight among the studied formulations.     

6‐Dehydrogingerdione,an active constituent of dietary ginger,induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through reactive oxygen species/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathways in human breast cancer cells

This study is the first to investigate the anticancer effect of 6‐dehydrogingerdione (DGE), an active constituent of dietary ginger, in human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells. DGE exhibited effective cell growth inhibition by inducing cancer cells to undergo G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Blockade of cell cycle was associated with increased levels of p21, and reduced amounts of cyclin B1, cyclin A, Cdc2 and Cdc25C. DGE also enhanced the levels of inactivated phosphorylated Cdc2 and Cdc25C. DGE triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway indicated by a change in Bax/Bcl‐2 ratios, resulting in caspase‐9 activation. We also found the generation of reactive oxygen species is a critical mediator in DGE‐induced cell growth inhibition. DGE clearly increased the activation of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38. In addition, antioxidants vitamin C and catalase significantly decreased DGE‐mediated JNK activation and apoptosis. Moreover, blocking JNK by specific inhibitors suppressed DGE‐triggered mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that a critical role for reactive oxygen species and JNK in DGE‐mediated apoptosis of human breast cancer.     

不同钙离子浓度体外条件下磷酸化对肌联蛋白降解的影响

以羊背最长肌中肌联蛋白为原料,添加蛋白激酶A和碱性磷酸酶体外孵育使肌联蛋白发生磷酸化和去磷酸化反应。反应后添加μ-钙蛋白酶,在钙离子浓度分别为0.05 mmol/L和2 mmol/L条件下,4 ℃孵育2 d。测定孵育体系pH值、肌联蛋白磷酸化水平及其降解程度。结果表明：不同处理组孵育体系pH值差异不显著（P＞0.05）;蛋白激酶A组肌联蛋白磷酸化水平显著高于对照组,对照组肌联蛋白磷酸化水平显著高于碱性磷酸酶组（P＜0.05）;当钙离子浓度为0.05 mmol/L时,蛋白激酶A组和对照组未检测到分子质量为1 200 kDa的降解条带,而碱性磷酸酶组在孵育12 h检测到该条带;当钙离子浓度为2 mmol/L时,蛋白激酶A组和对照组均在孵育12 h检测到1 200 kDa降解条带,而碱性磷酸酶组在孵育0.5 h时检测到该条带。结论：蛋白激酶A和碱性磷酸酶能够促进肌联蛋白发生磷酸化和去磷酸化反应;随着钙离子浓度增加,肌联蛋白降解速率加快;并且在相同钙离子浓度下,肌联蛋白在碱性磷酸酶组降解较快,表明去磷酸化可以促进肌联蛋白的降解。